Part+8+Social+and+Religious+Timelines

Social: 1. 1450-1789: ** a **. battle for the human mind between left and center, ** j. ** most people were peasants 2. 1789-1815: ** b. ** beginning of national consciousness, ** e **. dominant agrarian aristocracy, 3. 1815-1870: ** c. ** classes were national rather than international, ** f. ** emergence of industrial proletariat class ** g. ** emergence of urban civilization l. new sense of equality and idea that people are the nation; rising middle class increased in number and wealth; workers organized into parties an trade unions 4. 1870-1914: ** h **. masses were organized horizontally, ** k **. moves to organize the masses 5. 1918-1939: ** d. ** voting democratically by political parties, ** i. ** vertically (nationalists or fascists) 6. 1945 and on** : m. ** workers, students, nationalists, and middle class struggled for power and their own vision of a national state.  Religious: 1. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1450-1650: Catholic Baroque culture, development of intolerance, Reformation broke up universal church, intolerance <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1650-1789: fundamental piety, development of tolerance, pietism vs. deism, religious wars, skepticism and agnosticism common among many intellectuals <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1789-1815: Dialogue among religious groups <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1815-1870: development of the Oxford Movement, materialism <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1870-1914: Rerum Novarum, Ultramontism, emergence of national churches <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">6. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1918-1939: atheistic and anti-religious totalitarianism, isoriented proletariat became irreligious <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">7. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1940 and on: growth of secularism, Vatican II and the end of reformation, secular democratic societies, nationalism developed into a secular religion, end of anti-religious programs in many Communist states